Hydraulic structures are an important part of the economic infrastructure, and are of key importance in providing irrigation, hydropower, and navigation and flood control. Almost all hydraulic structures are complex objects that require comprehensive justification. Inaccuracies in the design, construction and operation of hydraulic structures can lead to accidents, and consequently to negative environmental consequences, changes in the water regime, deterioration of water quality and the fisheries situation. It is proposed to discuss approaches to assessing the technical condition, safety and operation of hydraulic structures for the correct management of water resources and ensuring reliable protection of territories, economic facilities and the population.